Driving-locking mechanism



Oct. 24, 1933. E, sw Z 1,932,053

DRIVING-LOCKING MECHANISM Filed March 2, 1931 ATTORNEY PatentedOct. 2 4 1933 7 I it STATES PATENT OFF-ICE} ii DRIVING-LOCKING MECHANISM S wartz Detroit,l\fich. Application March 2 1931. Serial No. 519, 44 5 v a '13 o1aims. (o1. 192 s)' 7 I a;

My invention. relates to means for driving a line it-4 in Fig.2 showing furtherrelationsbemechanism and, releasably locking the mechatween the elements of the locking mechanism' nism against rotation. Y 7 Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the driving Objects of my invention are: member. V I 5 To provide a simple; effective and eflicient lock- Fig. 6 is-a'perspective viewof one of the locking mechanism; ing shoes i To provide easy release' fro'm a locking condi- Similar reference characters refer to similar tion thereof; parts throughout the views. To provide automatic locking and releasing The jig itself comprises the movable "clamp 10 thereof by and during the operation of the deplate A having the tool guiding bushing 1Oth'erevice which has the locking mechanism; in and the, two guide posts 11 depending there- To provide locking shoes which extend subfrom and being g'uided'in the base B.- r stantially along the entire length of the surface The shaft C, is iournaled in the base and has which is used for locking; v the teeth 12 in meshwith corresponding teeth. To provide amoving means for the shoes which on the posts/11' so that a rotationlof'the shaft does not wedge a member between inclined walls; moves the posts longitudinally andthereby moves To provide a'moving means for the shoes which the plate A toward and'away from the base for acts on both ends of each shoe; clamping and unclamping of work.

To provide a moving means for theshoes which The casing D is fixed on'the base and is unroacts compensatingly on alllof .the shoes; tatable and has the circular bore 13 concentric To provide grooves in the shoes so that the with" the axis of the shaft C which has the. end mechanism can be profusely lubricated for easy. 14 extending into the'casing. operation and preservation thereof without hav- Themember or disk ,E is keyed onto the shaft ing a locking effect decreasing film of lubricant end 14 so that the ,sa'merotates'with the shaft,

between the shoes and the surface contacted by V and the shaft rotates with thedisk according to 8 V the same; v f I v which one of these parts is rotated. I i. To provide a direct drivelfor thedevice using, 7 The'd'riving SIOBS re in the present-ini the locking mechanism and to use the same drive S a c equally spewedv and all Of the same" size, to effect the operation of the locking mechanism; arewprovided in the outersurface of the disk E7 To providg symmetry i the stru t r so that andextend all the way across the same although v 2 i the locking mechanism can be used for locking, they uld eiitend inwardly from one end only a device against rotation in either direction.[, f fic n ly d p for the driving p n c be Other objects will appearor 'willbecome apbelOW- -Theyspaces not Occupied by h driving parent or obvious upon an inspection of. this ng being lubrication Storage P I-- 5 specification andthe accompanying drawing. s 1

I' attain my objects by the mechanism illus-f i :1? groove/s16 alsoieixteild an h way across trated in the accompanying drawing in which: gf fi jm a als equa 1y spaced and of the Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a work'clamping 1 i 1 jig having a driving-locking mechanism embody- The cute? clicumfemnilal Sui-face of the dlsk i0 v 1s concentric wlth the ax1s of the shaft. v mo my'mventlgn' 5 The locking shoes F three in number in this F1g'2 1s transverse svectlon of the dnvlllg instance; each has the circular surface l'lflof a fif fliiififi$fi curvature suitable to the curvature of the bore n v i in the casing. The locking shoes are.,,of suffi- 45713131011 01 t g prongs'and t loclkmgishoes cient "length tosubstantially extend all theway and the @F l memberand theFajsing h around on the surface of the bore; there being h m 5 1n clampmg ums Posltloni i only a narrow space 18 between the ends thereof. 3 1S a transverse Sectlon of t d Each of the shoes has the bevel surface 19 on 0 5; e h sr taken on the'line in .each end thereof and also has theradia1 slots 50 Showing urth la i n b w n he shoes 20 intermediate the longitudinal ends and extendand 1 5 oi a g member and e the .ing into the sides thereof sufficiently deep to acdriving prongs being-shownuin dotted lines in 'commodate the driving nrongs described below. lock releasing and reverse driving .orcl'amp re- The slots 20 are provided on'each en'dlso that the s leasingnosition Y :I 1 I shoes; can be reversed. W 1 f 1 I v 1 e i 55 Fig. i is a longitudinal section'taken on the The grooves 21am provided in the surface 17ml" Applicant has found that lubrication is necessary for a locking mechanism as shown, that even a hardened and ground bushing in the casing requires, or at least should have, lubrication and that suchlubrication presents a film of lubricant between the shoes and the casing sufficient to reduce the locking effect of the shoes and promotes slipping ofthe lock.

The grooves 21 prevent the formation of such a film and thereby reduce if not entirely overcome thesedisadvantages in that there usually is some endwise movement of the shoes which tends to scrape excessive lubricant from the bore in the casing and deposit the same in thegroovesand furthermore, if the walls of the grooves did not so scrape off this surplus lubricant, the radial movement of the shoes will squeeze it out from between the contacting surfaces and into the grooves since the individual contacting surfaces on the shoes are each comparatively narrow and the surplus lubricant needs to travel only a very short distance to reach the groove for disposition thereof.

Furthermore, applicant has found that the pro- .vision of the grooves provides a much better gripping effect between shoes and a surface contacted by the same independent of lubricant.

The invention provides for profuse lubrication without detrimental effects to the gripping of the shoes so that bushings and the like can be eliminated and'the shoes can operate directly on the material of the casing, usually a cast material.

I prefer to use the shoes directly against the casing material, to bore the casing fairly smooth, without grinding, and let the shoes and the bore wear to a seat and thereby get better'gripping results than with. ground contacting surfaces and reduce cost of production.

The shoes are journaled loosely in the bore 13 and on the outer surfaces 22 of the disk E so that .the same can move longitudinally between the same and so that there is no wedging of the shoes between inclined surfaces.

There is a toggle structure between the shoes 7 and the disk comprising three strut-like members G, duplicates and equally spaced, each having the end 23 thereof rounded and seated in a round bottom slot extending across the disk and the end 24 thereof abutting onto the correspond ing bevel faces 19 of two adjacentshoes.

The longitudinal axes of the members G are inclined to a radial axis of the disk; the ends 23 being in the lead when the disk is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon.

The members G are not physically attached to any part of the mechanism and theround bottom slots for the ends 23 thereof are open at both ends so that a locking action can be effectedagainst rotation of the shaft in a direction opposite the arrow by merely sliding the members G.

out of the positions shown, then moving the sho es-in the direction of the arrow until the members G can be inserted with the angularity reversed'from the position shown and thereby .render the lock mechanism operable for locking either against right or left hand rotation of the shaft.

' The three springs 25 are mounted in the disk and each extends into the corresponding groove 16 and endwise abuts the corresponding member by tending to decrease the angularity between the or abutment of the toggle members G on the axes of the members G and the radial axis of the disk.

The driving or operating member H, operated by the handle I thereon, is journaled on the shaft C, has the flange 26 closing the open end of the casing, and also has the three driving prongs 27 each extending into the corresponding slots 15 in the disk and the slots 20 in the corresponding shoes.

Upon movement of the handle in the direction indicated by the arrow on the disk, the handle" rotates on the shaft, taking up lost motion. The faces 28 of the driving prongs 27 then contact the walls 29 of the slots 15 and rotatively move the disk and thereby rotates the shaft which, in turn, moves the clamping plate for clamping of work.

While the disk is so rotating, the locking shoes are also moving rotatively and, due to the members G being inclined backwards of the direction of rotation, there is very little friction between the shoes and the bore in the casing so that the entire locking mechanism can rotate freely in the casing.

When the clamping plate contacts the work,.1

there is a resistance against further movement of the plate and consequently against rotation of the shaft and the disk thereon.

A continuation of the same operation by the handle takes up whatever lost motion may exist in the device andfurther force or pressure applied to the handle puts rotative strain onto or into the parts of the locking mechanism and also creates a clamping pressure between the clamping plate and the work. The force applied to 11 p the handle can be made as heavy as desired for clamping the work.

As soon as pressure on the handle is released and movement of the handle stops,'there is nothing to create an inward movement of the shoes 5 arrow, and thereby direct this strain radially outwardly and against the casing in a toggle action and therebyproducing an effective lock of the clamping mechanism against voluntary reverse rotation of shaft and release of clamping pressure between the clamping plate and the work. When additional pressure is brought onto the clamping plate in the same direction as the direction of the original pressure, the pressure .on the ends 23 of the toggle members G is correspondingly increased with consequent increase of pressure between the shoes and the casing and consequent increase of locking effect.

The strain and pressure existing when work is clamped tends to rotate the shaft and the disk reversely but the direct and positive connection disk and the shoes and the strain in the parts permits of verylittle reverse rotation of the shaft so that the clamping is practically uneifected if the shaft did rotate slightly.

When this same directional. pressure on the plate actually produces a reverse rotative movement of the shaft, the ends 23 of the toggle members move reversely of the arrow and thereby increase the locking pressure between the shoes and the casing according to the additional pres- 153 'shoes from the bore inthe casing.

' ing'shoe against said bore,

.sure' applied to' the clamping plate for more effective frictional engagement ofthe shoes with vance the, ends 24 of the toggle memberswith consequent reduction; of angularity between the axes of the'toggle members and the radial'axis and consequent locking abutment of the slices on the casing.

' Upon a reverse movement of the handlefthc faces 30 on the prongs 27 first contact the walls 31 on the slots and move the shoes rotativeiy and reversely to the arrow and thereby moving :theends24 of the toggle members reversely and thereby increasing the angularity between the axes'of the toggle members and the radial axis of-the disk and thereby radially releasing the Further reverse movement of the handle contacts the driving faces onthe prongs 27 onto the walls 32 on the member E andthereby reversely rotates the disk-and the shaft and moves the clamping plate, out of clamping position'j When the handle is standing-still in any posi tion thereof, the springs 25 at once effect an automatic locking of the mechanism which is automatically released. upon a movement ofthe handle in either-i direction.

Each of the shoes can move 'rotatively individually of the othershoes'so that each can move compensatingly in relation to the others. Each toggle-member engages two ends thereof through bevel faces so that'all of the 'shoesa're moved radially'in an expanding a manner and all of the shoes are contacted on the casing equally or with the same force and the of the shoes at the entire contacting surface 17 engages the bore in the casing since the support of the shoes is located at each end thereof and there is no possibility of the shoes'tilting' or otherwise preventing full contact of'the surface 1'7 on the wall of the casing.

lhe device shown and. described attains the objects sought to be attained. r

I am aware that structural and functional changes canben ade in the parts and in the arrangements thereof shown and described within the scope of my invention and the appended claims; therefore, Without limiting myself to the precise structure and function and arrangement of parts as shown and described,

I claim: I q

l. A. driving-locking mechanism for an operable device including an unrotatable casing having a circular bore, a rotatable member of the operable device extending into said'bore, a locka toggle member bec hoe, a spring acting tween sai" member and on said toggle member to nor. ly hold said shoe in looking contact on said here, said toggle memher being adapted to augment the action of said spring upon a tendency of said operating member to rotate reversely, and a driving rner'nber engagin said rotatable member for rotation thereof and automatic release of said 'shoefor rotation.

thereof with said. rotatable member and engaging said shoe for automatic release movement thereof from a locking position thereof.

respective side walls thereof for rotatingisaid disk and said shaft in corresponding directions and forlocking and releasing of'said locking member. 3.111 a driving-locking mechanism, :a rotatable-" shafu-a'disk on said shaft and rotatable there'wi'th an'd having a slot in an end surface thereof, "adriving member journaled on said shaftand having a prong-extending into said slot to engage the side walls thereof for rotating said disk and said shaft in corresponding directions, and a locking mechanism operated by rotation'of said driving member comprising, locking'shoes circ'ularly adjacent eadhother and radially against a-ca'singa normally inclined strut mem- "ber having one end the'r'eof'rockably seated in said disk-and "the other end thereof engaging the adjacent ends'of" said shoes, a spring in a pocket of said bet to normally reduce the inclination thereof to retain said'shoes against the'casing, and rotation disk and abutting said strut memsaid slots to engage the side walls of'said slot in '105 said "disk to rotatesaididisk and said shaft in corresponding rotative directions and to engage said slot in said locking mem'ber to lock the same, and said locking member normally locking said disk and said shaft. againstfself rotation independent of said driving member. I r r 5. In a driving-locking mechanism, a rotatable shaft, a disk on said shaft and rotatable therewith and having a slot in an end surface thereof, a driving member journaled on said shaft and having a prong extending into said'slot to engage the side walls thereof to rotate said disk and said shaftiincorresponding rotative directions, and a locking mechanism normally looking saididisk and said shaft againstrotation in- '120 dependent of said driving member and comprising a casing having a'bore, locking shoes inwardly adjacent tolthe wall of said bore'and circularly adjacent to each other, a normally inclined strut having one end thereof rockably seated in '125 said disk and the other end thereof engaging the adjacent ends of said locking shoes to retain said disk and said shaft against rotation independent of said driving member, and means operated bylsaid'prong to more tightly lock said shoe-i against said wall and to release the same from the tight locking.

i 6. In a driving-locking mechanism, a driving mechanism' adapted to directly contact a driven mechanism for driving the same in opposite di '135 rections, and a locking mechanism comprising a casing having a bore, locking shoes circularly adjacent each other and radially adjacent inwardly of the wall of said bore, an inclined strut normally retaining said driven mechanism against rotation independent of said driving mechanism,

and means operated by said driving mechanism to more tightlylock said shoes against said wall and to release the locking upon corresponding operation of said driving mechanism. 5 7, In a driving-lockingmechanism, a driving mechanism adapted to directly contact a driven mechanism for driving the same in oppositedi- ,rections, and a locking mechanism comprising U 2. In a driving-locking mechanism a locking member having a slot in a side thereof, a rotatable shaft, a disk on said shaft and rotatable therewith and having a slot in a side thereof, a driving member journaled on saidshaft and having'a prong extending into said slots to engage the a casing having a bore, lockingshoes circularlyEE-O adjacent each other and radially adjacent inwardly of the Wall of said bore,an inclined strut between a part of said driven mechanism and the adjacent ends of said shoes, a spring tending to reduce the inclination of said strut to move said shoes against said wall to retain said driven mechanism against rotation independent of operation thereof by said driving mechanism, and means operated by said driving mechanism to more tightly lock said shoes against said wall and to release the locking upon corresponding operation of said driving mechanism.

8, In a driving-locking mechanism, a driving mechanism adapted to directly drive a driven mechanism in opposite-directions, said mechanism including a disk on a part of said driven mechanism and having a slot in a side thereof, a prong on said driving mechanism and extending into said slot to engage the side walls thereof to drive said driven mechanism in either direction, and a locking mechanism between said disk and a casing normally locking said driven mechanism against rotation independent of operation thereof by said driving mechanism and engaged by said prong to more firmly lock and to release the locking by operation of said driving mechanism.

9. In a driving-locking mechanism, a driving mechanism adapted to directly drive a driven mechanism in opposite directions, said mechanism including a disk on a part of said driven mechanism and having a slot in a side thereof, locking shoes circularly adjacent each other and radially adjacent toa Wall of the mechanism and each having a slot in a sidethereof radially in substantial alignment with said slot in said disk, a prong on said driving mechanism and extending into said slots in the disk and in the shoe to contact the walls of said slots to operate said driven mechanism and said shoes in timed relation to each other to finally lock said driven mechanism and to release the locking.

1!). In a driving-locking mechanism, a driven mechanism, a driving mechanism for said driven mechanism, a locking means for said driven mechanism, a slot and prong engagement between p rts of said driven and driving mechanisms to directly drive said driven mechanism in either direction, and a slot and prong engagement between parts of said driven mechanism andsaid lockingmeans to lock' said driving mechanism against rotation at the end of an operation by said driving mechanism and to release the locking at, the beginning of an operation by said driving mechanism.

11. In combination a reciprocally movable clamp and operating mechanism therefor including a shaft normally locked against reverse rotation and in operative connection with said clamp to move the same, a disk secured to said shaft and having a slot in a side thereof, and a driving member for said disk having 'a prong extending into said slot to release said normal locking and to engage the side Walls of said slot for rotation of said shaft in either direction.

12. In combination a reciprocally movable clamp and an operating and locking mechanism therefor including a shaft in operative c onnection with said clamp to move the same, a disk normally locked against reverse rotation secured to said shaft and having a slot in a side thereof, a driving member for said disk having a prong extending into said slot to release said normal locking and to engage the side walls thereof for rotation of said shaft in either direction, and a locking mechanism to releasably lock said shaft and clamp against reverse rotation upon pressure from said clamp.

13. In combination a reciprocally movable clamp and operating mechanism therefor including a shaft in operative connection with said clamp to move the same, a disk secured to said clamp to move the same, a disk on said shaft and normally locked against reverse rotation and having a plurality of slots in a side thereof, a driving member for said disk having prongs each extending into one of said slots to engage the side Walls thereof for rotation of said shaft and clamp in either direction, and a locking mechanism including strut members all inclinedly mounted in one direction and adapted to lock said mechanism against reverse rotation through pressure brought upon the clamp and to release the locking and move the clamp reversely upon a reverse rotation of said crank.

GUY E. SWARTZ. 

